Receive an inbound SMS
When someone sends a text message to your Twilio number, Twilio can invoke a webhook that you've created to determine what reply to send back using TwiML. On this page, we will be providing some examples of Functions that can serve as the webhook of your Twilio number.
A Function that responds to webhook requests will receive details about the incoming message as properties on the event parameter. These include the incoming number (event.From), the recipient number (event.To), the text body of the message (event.Body), and other relevant data such as the number of media sent and/or geographic metadata about the phone numbers involved. You can view a full list of potential values at Twilio's Request to your Webhook URL.
Once a Function has been invoked on an inbound SMS, any number of actions can be taken. Below are some examples to inspire what you will build.
Create and host a Function
In order to run any of the following examples, you will first need to create a Function into which you can paste the example code. You can create a Function using the Twilio Console or the Serverless Toolkit as explained below:
If you prefer a UI-driven approach, creating and deploying a Function can be done entirely using the Twilio Console and the following steps:
- Log in to the Twilio Console and navigate to the Functions tab. If you need an account, you can sign up for a free Twilio account here!
- Functions are contained within Services. Create a Service by clicking the Create Service button and providing a name such as test-function.
- Once you've been redirected to the new Service, click the Add + button and select Add Function from the dropdown.
- This will create a new Protected Function for you with the option to rename it. The name of the file will be path it is accessed from.
- Copy any one of the example code snippets from this page that you want to experiment with, and paste the code into your newly created Function. You can quickly switch examples by using the dropdown menu of the code rail.
- Click Save to save your Function's contents.
- Click Deploy All to build and deploy the Function. After a short delay, your Function will be accesible from:
https://<service-name>-<random-characters>-<optional-domain-suffix>.twil.io/<function-path>
For example:test-function-3548.twil.io/hello-world.
The Serverless Toolkit enables you with local development, project deployment, and other functionality via the Twilio CLI. To get up and running with these examples using Serverless Toolkit, follow this process:
- From the CLI, run
twilio serverless:init <your-service-name> --emptyto bootstrap your local environment. - Navigate into your new project directory using
cd <your-service-name> - In the
/functionsdirectory, create a new JavaScript file that is named respective to the purpose of the Function. For example,sms-reply.protected.jsfor a Protected Function intended to handle incoming SMS. - Populate the file using the code example of your choice and save.
Note A Function can only export a single handler. You will want to create separate files if you want to run and/or deploy multiple examples at once.
Once your Function(s) code is written and saved, you can test it either by running it locally (and optionally tunneling requests to it via a tool like ngrok), or by deploying the Function and executing against the deployed url(s).
Run your Function in local development
Run twilio serverless:start from your CLI to start the project locally. The Function(s) in your project will be accesible from http://localhost:3000/sms-reply
- If you want to test a Function as a Twilio webhook, run:
twilio phone-numbers:update <your Twilio phone number> --sms-url "http://localhost:3000/sms-reply"
This will automatically generate an ngrok tunnel from Twilio to your locally running Function, so you can start sending texts to it. You can apply the same process but with thevoice-urlflag instead if you want to test with Twilio Voice. - If your code does not connect to Twilio Voice/Messages as a webhook, you can start your dev server and start an ngrok tunnel in the same command with the
ngrokflag. For example:twilio serverless:start --ngrok=""
Deploy your Function
To deploy your Function and have access to live url(s), run twilio serverless:deploy from your CLI. This will deploy your Function(s) to Twilio under a development environment by default, where they can be accessed from:
https://<service-name>-<random-characters>-dev.twil.io/<function-path>
For example: https://incoming-sms-examples-3421-dev.twil.io/sms-reply
Your Function is now ready to be invoked by HTTP requests, set as the webhook of a Twilio phone number, invoked by a Twilio Studio Run Function Widget, and more!
Set a Function as a webhook
In order for your Function to react to incoming SMS and/or voice calls, it must be set as a webhook for your Twilio number. There are a variety of methods to set a Function as a webhook, as detailed below:
You can use the Twilio Console UI as a straigforward way of connecting your Function as a webhook:
- Log in to the Twilio Console's Phone Numbers page.
- Click on the phone number you'd like to have connected to your Function.
- If you want the Function to respond to incoming SMS, find the A Message Comes In option under Messaging. If you want the Function to respond to Voice, find the A Call Comes In option under Voice & Fax.
- Select Function from the A Message Comes In or A Call Comes In dropdown.
- Select the Service that you are using, then the Environment (this will default to
uiunless you have created custom domains), and finally Function Path of your Function from the respective dropdown menus.
- Alternatively, you could select Webhook instead of Function, and directly paste in the full URL of the Function.
- Alternatively, you could select Webhook instead of Function, and directly paste in the full URL of the Function.
- Click the Save button.
You can also use the Twilio CLI to assign the Function as the webhook of you phone number. You will need a few prerequisites:
- Twilio CLI installed and executable from your terminal.
- Either the E.164 formatted value of your Twilio phone number (
+1234567890), or its SID (PNXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX). - The full URL of your Function (
https://test-1337.twil.io/my-test-function)
Once you have the CLI installed and the necessary information, run the following to connect the Function to respond to incoming SMS:
twilio phone-numbers:update +1234567890 \
--sms-url https://test-1337.twil.io/my-test-functionIf you prefer to have the Function respond to incoming calls instead, run:
twilio phone-numbers:update +1234567890 \
--voice-url https://test-1337.twil.io/my-test-functionYou may also use the SID of your Twilio phone number instead of the E.164 formatted phone number:
twilio phone-numbers:update PNXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX \
--sms-url https://test-1337.twil.io/my-test-functionYou can also use any of the avilable Twilio SDKs to assign the Function as the webhook of you phone number. You will need a few prerequisites:
- A local development environment for your language of choice and the associated Twilio SDK installed.
- The SID (
PNXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX) of your Twilio phone number. - The full URL of your Function (
https://test-1337.twil.io/my-test-function).
In JavaScript for example, you could execute the following code to assign the SMS webhook of your Twilio phone number. The same logic would apply for assigining to a voice webhook, except that the modified property instead would be voiceUrl:
// Download the helper library from https://www.twilio.com/docs/node/install
// Find your Account SID and Auth Token at twilio.com/console
// and set the environment variables. See http://twil.io/secure
const accountSid = process.env.TWILIO_ACCOUNT_SID;
const authToken = process.env.TWILIO_AUTH_TOKEN;
const client = require('twilio')(accountSid, authToken);
client
.incomingPhoneNumbers('PNXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX')
.update({ smsUrl: 'https://test-1337.twil.io/my-test-function' })
.then((phoneNumber) => console.log(phoneNumber.smsUrl));
Respond with a static message
For the most basic possible example, one can reply to the incoming SMS with a hardcoded message. To do so, you can create a new MessagingResponse and declare the intended message contents. Once your message content has been set, you can return the generated TwiML by passing it to the callback function as shown and signaling a successful end to the Function.
Respond dynamically to an inbound SMS
Because the contents of the incoming message are accessible from event.Body, it's also possible to tailor the response based on the contents of the message. For example, you could respond with "Hello, there!" to an incoming message that includes the text "hello", say "Goodbye" to any message including "bye", and have a fallback response if neither of those conditions is met.
Forward an inbound SMS
Another example that uses even more event properties would be a Function that forwards SMS messages from your Twilio phone number to your personal cell phone. This could be handy in a situation where perhaps you don't want to share your real number while selling an item online, you are suspicious of the stranger that just asked for your number, or for any other reason.
This Function will accept an incoming SMS and generate a new TwiML response that contains the number that sent the message followed by the contents of the SMS. Because the TwiML's to property is set to your personal phone number, this new message will be forwarded to you instead of creating a response directly to the sender.
For more information and a more detailed example, please reference this blog post on the subject.
In this example, your personal number is hardcoded as a string in the Function for convenience. For a more secure approach, consider setting MY_NUMBER as an Environment Variable in the Functions UI instead. It could then be referenced in your code as context.MY_NUMBER, as shown in the following example.
Respond with MMS media from an HTTP request
All the Function examples so far are fully synchronous and only rely on data from the inbound message. Functions can also request data from other services with the ability to rely on modern async/await syntax.
For example, in response to an incoming SMS, it's possible for a Function to request an online resource (such as a fun image of a doge), and reply back to the sender with an MMS containing said image.
In order to use an npm module such as axios to create HTTP requests, you will need to add it as a Dependency.
Need some help?
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